Ahmed Adel Mansour KAMAR, Manuela Pădurariu, Alin-Stelian CIOBÎCĂ
ABSTRACT :
Indoor air pollution (IAP) represents an underrecognized but significant environmental health concern, contributing to chronic diseases across multiple organ systems. Long-term exposure to household pollutants including fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅, ≤2.5 µm in diameter), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), biological contaminants, and radon is associated with respiratory illnesses, chronic liver toxicity, thyroid and other endocrine dysfunctions, and neurological disorders. Of particular concern is the growing body of evidence linking IAP to neurodegeneration and brain atrophy (shrinkage), a structural change closely tied to cognitive decline and dementia risk. This literature review synthesizes current epidemiological and experimental findings, examines the biological mechanisms underlying these neurological effects, and evaluates innovative technological, behavioural, and policy-driven strategies to mitigate IAP-related risks. By integrating multidisciplinary evidence and identifying key research gaps, it aims to inform both scientific understanding and policy action to protect brain health and reduce the global burden of IAP-related disease.