Gabriel DĂSCĂLESCU
ABSTRACT :
Cancer is a complex and multifactorial disease characterized by the accumulation of genetic mutations that affect fundamental cellular processes. This paper explores the genetic causes of cancer, the molecular mechanisms involved and the therapeutic implications of these discoveries. Inherited and acquired genetic mutations are reviewed, as well as the role of oncogenes, pro-
oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Tumor heterogeneity and modern treatment strategies, including targeted therapies and immunotherapy are also addressed.